… morphogen signaling center in the distal urethral epithelium (… Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
signaling has been delineated by … modulator of urethral formation is retinoic acid signaling. …

… In the vagina, activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) …
Recently, we demonstrated that epithelial ESR1 integrates estrogen and growth factor …

… : Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) expressed in the genital … or FGF10 in the distal urethral
epithelium, which is important … bud formation and that FGF10 signaling is required for epithelial …

… UGE and tested candidate growth factors to show that when … to increase budding and retinoic
acid is indispensable for the … inhibited the expression of urethral epithelium-specific genes…

… External genitalia formation: role of fibroblast growth factor, retinoic acid signaling, and
distal urethral epithelium. Ann NY Acad Sci, 948, 13-31. Oishi, I., Suzuki, H., Onishi, N. …

… fibroblast growth factor … To achieve this differential patterning, the endodermal urethral plate
epithelium … pathways (eg, SHH, WNT, TGFβ, EPH receptor tyrosine kinases, retinoic acid) …

… signaling are intrinsically required for normal urethral closure. … -plate epithelium appears in
the ventral region of the GT. E) … critical for the formation of the distal urethra, and disruptions …

… retinoic acid action: mouse Sertoli cells express two factors that … the genital tubercle to form
the midline epithelial urethral … , signaling through the IIIb isoform of fibroblast growth receptor …

… of androgens, growth factors, gene expression in the duct epithelium, and … [13] Retinoic
acid signaling is also critical in WD development, as compound null mutations in retinoid acid …

… phenocopying those induced by enhanced retinoic acid signaling and that SHH is … Shh
expression in the urethral epithelium and SHH signaling in the GT … FGF Fibroblast growth factor …